Meningitis is a condition in which the “meninges,” the membranes surrounding the spinal cord and brain, as well as the spinal fluid, become inflamed. The resulting condition can be mild or severe. Some cases improve on their own, in a few weeks.
However, other causes can be serious and life-threatening. Early treatment is important to prevent severe effects from the illness. Here are a few facts you should know about meningitis and its treatment.
Meningitis can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungus, or parasites. A number of different strains of bacteria can cause meningitis. Some strains are contagious and are transmitted through close contact or coughing. Other types cannot be transmitted to others.
The symptoms of different types of meningitis are often similar. Generally, an individual will have a fever, headache, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, vomiting, severe fatigue, and confusion. Skin rash is also a common symptom. Even after individuals recover from bacterial meningitis, they can cause long-term effects, such as brain damage, learning disabilities, memory loss, or loss of hearing.
Infants, teenagers, and young adults are considered at-risk groups for meningitis. Being in a group setting, such as on a college campus, increases the risk for transmission of meningitis. Having certain medical conditions that affect immune system function may increase the risk of meningitis. If you travel to an area that has a high rate of infection, you may be at increased risk for meningitis.
Determining the type of meningitis pathogen helps doctors to provide the most appropriate treatment. A physical examination is done, and blood is taken for testing. A spinal tap to examine the spinal fluid is generally performed to make an accurate diagnosis. Chest x-rays and CT scans of the brain may also be done.
Physicians determine the appropriate treatment based on the cause of the disease. Bacterial meningitis is treated with intravenous antibiotics and steroid drugs. Antibiotics are not effective against viral meningitis. Bed rest, increased fluid intake and over-the-counter medications to reduce pain and fever are administered. Oxygen may be provided to aid breathing. Wound care and surgery may be done to repair damage from the disease.
Two vaccines are available to prevent infection from certain bacterial forms of meningitis. Individuals should avoid sharing personal items, such as water bottles, silverware, straws, and lip cosmetics. Washing hands vigorously throughout the day can help to prevent the transmission of meningitis. Avoid being in contact with individuals who are visibly ill, to avoid acquiring meningitis. A strong immune system is important to fight off disease, so eat a healthy diet that includes plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Because meningitis can be life-threatening, it’s important to ensure that individuals suspected of having meningitis receive immediate evaluation and treatment. Vaccination against bacterial meningitis is available and can be administered to children as part of their routine vaccination schedule. Anyone who is at risk for meningitis should talk to his or her doctor about receiving the vaccine.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional consultation or advice related to your health or finances. No reference to an identifiable individual or company is intended as an endorsement thereof. Some or all of this article may have been generated using artificial intelligence, and it may contain certain inaccuracies or unreliable information. Readers should not rely on this article for information and should consult with professionals for personal advice.